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MVA · BUB1B

Evidence-Guided Drug Repurposing

Investigating BUB1B dysfunction in mosaic variegated aneuploidy through reproducible reanalyses, source-linked evidence and explicit functional validation gates.

No exact-genotype pharmacological rescue is established. Wet-lab validation remains future work. This page is research context, not a clinical diagnostic report or a treatment recommendation.

The question

Can public evidence prioritize testable drug-repurposing hypotheses?

Two BUB1B variants raise distinct molecular questions: L737* introduces a premature stop (an RNA and translation question), N1002K is a missense change in the kinase region (a protein stability and function question).

What exists

Reanalyses and audits of published data.

4 quantitative reanalyses, 6 evidence audits and 1 synthetic software test, drawn from primary papers and public perturbation datasets, each labeled with its model and limits.

What remains unresolved

Exact-variant function.

L737* NMD susceptibility is predicted, not measured. N1002K stability and residual function are unresolved. Checkpoint competence and chromosome segregation have not been measured for either variant.

11evidence and software records
4quantitative reanalysis charts
2variants with distinct functional questions
Openexact-variant functional validation

Presentación del proyecto

Un recorrido por la evidencia, los candidatos de investigación y el experimento propuesto para BUB1B

Duración Ver en YouTube Al reproducir se carga el reproductor de YouTube.

Propuesta de investigación. No constituye una recomendación de tratamiento.

Clarification, . The narration (around 01:20 in the automatic transcript) says “12 nearby sequence contexts”. The revision distinguishes 12 measured variant rows representing 8 distinct six-base contexts; they are not independent contexts or biological replicates. The rest of that conclusion stands: no exact L737* measurement was found. The video, its audio and its captions have not been changed, and no full audiovisual review is claimed. Video clarification package

01 / Summary and findings

What the evidence changes.

Two variant questions guide the research. Functional rescue is the deciding endpoint.

L737* / RNA & translation

Preserving RNA leaves the stop codon.

NMD modulation alone cannot establish a useful protein product. Readthrough needs exact-context and functional validation.

Inspect the RNA gate
N1002K / protein function

Abundance is a starting point.

Stability and residual function remain unresolved. Matched protein abundance must be followed by independent functional measurements.

Inspect the function gate
Research candidates

Conditional hypotheses.

Amlexanox remains on hold for nomination until product eligibility is resolved. Montelukast is conditional on useful exact L737* protein function. Gentamicin plus mefloquine remains experimental.

Inspect the candidate decisions

Follow the research trail. The Literature Workspace keeps this reading order as a trail, step by step, with the hypotheses and evidence gaps behind each conclusion. Open the MVA · BUB1B trail

Conceptual mechanism explorer

Where could a rescue begin?

Follow the path from a gene to cell division. Choose a research branch to see the mechanism it proposes and the evidence still missing.

Conceptual visualization

Select a branch to highlight its proposed site of action. No biological experiment is running.

Conceptual mechanism · evidence linked

Variant questions

Two unresolved mechanisms

Variant questions — conceptual illustration L737* introduces a premature stop; NMD susceptibility is predicted. N1002K raises separate questions about protein stability and residual function. Shapes and colors are illustrative, not molecular coordinates, binding predictions, patient cells or experimental results. Motion is decorative and does not calculate a biological response. ? BUBR1 · FUNCTION UNRESOLVED
Proposed mechanism · exact-variant response unresolvedIllustrative geometry and colors · not a molecular structure or docking result
Inspect the gene-to-function pathway
Gene → RNA → protein → functionSchematic · not to scale
Conceptual BUB1B pathway with unresolved functional validation BUB1B DNA leads to RNA, translation and BUBR1 protein. L737* is a premature stop with predicted NMD susceptibility. N1002K stability and residual function remain unresolved. Highlighted stages indicate a selected mechanism hypothesis, not a measured drug response. Checkpoint competence and chromosome segregation require independent validation. BUB1BDNA unchanged NMD? RNA availabilityPredicted loss · L737* * TranslationPremature stop · L737* BUBR1 proteinN1002K · function? FUNCTIONAL VALIDATION Checkpoint + chromosome segregation Independent measurements still required ?
Hypothesized site of actionUnresolved evidence

No exact-genotype pharmacological rescue is established. Animation illustrates a question; it does not calculate drug efficacy, repair DNA or predict a clinical outcome.

Two unresolved mechanisms

Variant questions

Conditional

Hypothesis

L737* introduces a premature stop; NMD susceptibility is predicted. N1002K raises separate questions about protein stability and residual function.

Next decisive question

Measure exact-variant function before assuming that more RNA or more protein would help.

Inspect recorded evidence
L737* NMD-first: test truncated-protein functionEvidence audit · Completed · Conditional

A related 731X construct motivates testing whether L737* retains useful function when NMD is bypassed. The exact L737* experiment has not been performed.

Sources, model and limitations →
N1002K stabilization: equal-expression gateEvidence audit · Completed · Conditional

No exact-N1002K functional experiment was located. I909T/L1012P checkpoint rescue at matched abundance makes an abundance-limited mechanism plausible, but equally expressed B56-binding mutants still failed chromosome-congression rescue and mouse L1012P showed allelic effects beyond total protein level. Stabilization remains conditional; no drug is promoted.

Sources, model and limitations →

Evidence from the current deployed snapshot. Wet-lab validation remains future work.

RNA / readthrough hypothesis

Amlexanox

Conditional

Hypothesis

Explore context-dependent NMD modulation and stop-codon readthrough. The highlighted steps are proposed sites of action, not measured effects in BUB1B.

Next decisive question

Can exact-L737*-derived full-length BUBR1 be demonstrated alongside independent checkpoint and segregation improvement?

Inspect recorded evidence
Amlexanox: context-dependent readthrough evidenceEvidence audit · Completed · Conditional

Functional CFTR evidence supports investigating amlexanox, but negative NEFL rescue with neurite toxicity and context-dependent NMD responses prevent promotion to an established lead. GDAP1 immunofluorescence does not by itself resolve full-length protein. No exact-L737* rescue is established.

Sources, model and limitations →

Evidence from the current deployed snapshot. Wet-lab validation remains future work.

NMD-modulation hypothesis

Montelukast

Conditional

Hypothesis

Explore whether modulating RNA surveillance could preserve a stop-containing transcript. More RNA alone cannot establish useful protein function.

Next decisive question

Does the exact L737* truncation retain useful function, and does an allele-specific RNA response translate into functional protein?

Inspect recorded evidence
704-drug NMD screen: reporter specificityReanalysis · Completed · Conditional

Montelukast has a published permutation q of 0.021150, but the response is reporter-dependent and confounded by non-NMD isoform changes. No hit establishes functional BUBR1 rescue.

Sources, model and limitations →
L737* NMD-first: test truncated-protein functionEvidence audit · Completed · Conditional

A related 731X construct motivates testing whether L737* retains useful function when NMD is bypassed. The exact L737* experiment has not been performed.

Sources, model and limitations →

Evidence from the current deployed snapshot. Wet-lab validation remains future work.

Experimental readthrough branch

Gentamicin + mefloquine

Conditional

Hypothesis

Explore bypass of a premature stop during translation. Combination evidence from other genes does not establish this combination's efficacy in BUB1B.

Next decisive question

Test the exact L737* context and protein product. Readthrough need not restore native leucine or functional BUBR1.

Inspect recorded evidence
Readthrough combinations: endogenous-protein transfer gapEvidence audit · Completed · Conditional

G418/ELX-02 with or without mefloquine were studied beyond reporters, including endogenous PKD1 protein and withdrawal measurements. This does not establish gentamicin-combination efficacy or BUB1B rescue.

Sources, model and limitations →
L737* readthrough: exact versus nearby contextsReanalysis · Completed · Deprioritized

No exact L737* measurement or exact six-flanking-base match in the 5,837-PTC table. Twelve nearest contexts have a median paired gentamicin increment of 0.0165 percentage points.

Sources, model and limitations →

Evidence from the current deployed snapshot. Wet-lab validation remains future work.

Protein-homeostasis hypothesis

Arimoclomol

Deprioritized

Hypothesis

Explore an indirect heat-shock/protein-homeostasis rationale. Direct engagement of BUBR1 and rescue of N1002K have not been established.

Next decisive question

N1002K stability and residual function must be measured; increased abundance alone would not establish rescue.

Inspect recorded evidence
Arimoclomol: target engagement and exposure gapEvidence audit · Completed · Deprioritized

No direct BUBR1 or N1002K rescue evidence was located in the audit. Heat-shock responses are context-dependent; arimoclomol is not promoted to lead candidate.

Sources, model and limitations →
N1002K stabilization: equal-expression gateEvidence audit · Completed · Conditional

No exact-N1002K functional experiment was located. I909T/L1012P checkpoint rescue at matched abundance makes an abundance-limited mechanism plausible, but equally expressed B56-binding mutants still failed chromosome-congression rescue and mouse L1012P showed allelic effects beyond total protein level. Stabilization remains conditional; no drug is promoted.

Sources, model and limitations →

Evidence from the current deployed snapshot. Wet-lab validation remains future work.

Cell-state and confounding branch

Sirolimus / rapamycin

Conditional

Hypothesis

Explore how altered cell state could affect the interpretation of a rescue assay. The public fibroblast reanalysis does not support an RNA-abundance-increase rationale in that model.

Next decisive question

Separate cytostasis from improved segregation per completed division, including a future transient-exposure/washout comparison.

Inspect recorded evidence
Rapamycin in human fibroblasts: BUB1B locus RNA signalReanalysis · Completed · Conditional

The primary BUB1B-spanning feature has a Rap/Pro mean ratio of 0.585706 (41.43% lower); reduced-serum/Pro is 0.186191. Three nearly full-span features give the same direction. This does not support an RNA-abundance-increase rationale for sirolimus in this model.

Sources, model and limitations →
Cytostasis confounding: denominator unit testSoftware test · Completed · Control only

The synthetic fixture flags fewer raw error-positive divisions without a lower error rate per completed division. It does not measure sirolimus activity.

Sources, model and limitations →

Evidence from the current deployed snapshot. Wet-lab validation remains future work.

Downstream exploratory branch

Immunotherapy / immune senolysis

Deprioritized

Hypothesis

Explore a future hypothesis of selectively removing harmful senescent cells. This would not repair BUB1B; tumor control is a different outcome from disease rescue.

Next decisive question

Establish a selectively targetable harmful cell population in a relevant BUB1B model while preserving normal tissue function.

Inspect recorded evidence
Immunotherapy: disease rescue versus tumor controlEvidence audit · Completed · Deprioritized

Genetic senescent-cell ablation delayed selected phenotypes in BubR1-deficient mice; uPAR CAR T benefits came from other mouse models. HER2 CAR T and nivolumab/ipilimumab show limited antitumor signals in sarcoma, while nivolumab monotherapy lacked solid-tumor responses in ADVL1412. Tumor control does not establish BUB1B rescue. No exact-genotype immunotherapy rescue was located.

Sources, model and limitations →

Evidence from the current deployed snapshot. Wet-lab validation remains future work.

Illustrated methods

Inside each analysis.

Explore what each record examined, what it found and what still needs validation. The illustrations explain the method; the evidence below provides the result.

Conceptual method illustrations. No experiment is running and no new result is calculated.

Conceptual method · Reanalysis

Reporter response is a question about context.

704-drug NMD screen: reporter specificity — conceptual illustration Compare published reporter and isoform responses. A ratio cannot isolate NMD or demonstrate BUBR1 function. Shapes and colors are illustrative, not molecular coordinates, binding predictions, patient cells or experimental results. Motion is decorative and does not calculate a biological response. ? REPORTER / ISOFORM CONTEXT SCHEMATIC SYMBOL
Compare published reporter and isoform responses. A ratio cannot isolate NMD or demonstrate BUBR1 function.Illustrative geometry and colors · not a molecular simulation
MVA-NMD-003

704-drug NMD screen: reporter specificity

ReanalysisCompletedConditional

The status refers to the recorded analysis, not biological rescue.

Recorded finding

Montelukast has a published permutation q of 0.021150, but the response is reporter-dependent and confounded by non-NMD isoform changes. No hit establishes functional BUBR1 rescue.

Model / scope

Published mouse Neuro-2a AS-NMD isoform summaries; three reporter genes, not BUB1B.

Next question · proposed

Establish L737* residual function first; any NMD candidate then needs allele-specific RNA, protein synthesis, and separate checkpoint/segregation endpoints.

Read sources, method and limitations →
03 / Quantitative reanalyses

Measurements, with their context.

Separate assays, separate scales. No clinical probabilities or efficacy scores. Every chart names its model, unit, exact values and limitations.

MVA-NMD-003

One drug, three different reporter responses

NMD / non-NMD normalized RNA ratio · zero-based scale

Model / scopePublished mouse Neuro-2a AS-NMD isoform summaries; three reporter genes, not BUB1B.

Ptbp2HnrnplTra2b

Dashed line: reference ratio 1.

Selected compounds from a 704-drug mouse-cell screen, not a therapeutic ranking. Ratios can rise when the denominator falls. No BUB1B was measured; no valid replicate-based ratio error bars are available. Source & limits ↗
View exact chart values
One drug, three different reporter responses — NMD / non-NMD normalized RNA ratio
ConditionPtbp2HnrnplTra2bContext
Montelukast sodium1.31538208508963143.4064946770984171.7654686351224798Published permutation q = 0.02115; not a BUBR1 endpoint.
Artesunate1.7181129695370281.00789881028186384.2875477079256585Published permutation q = 0.010071; not a BUBR1 endpoint.
Cladribine2.1261242751017152.08204112949002161.6377191943091594Published permutation q = 0.010071; not a BUBR1 endpoint.
Albendazole1.56346273809486761.7017262236665983.2992143735876955Published permutation q = 0.015667; not a BUBR1 endpoint.
Topotecan hydrochloride3.95333982280394652.39941749630860770.6542839291174242Published permutation q = 0.0 (finite-sampling zero, not zero uncertainty); not a BUBR1 endpoint.
Homoharringtonine5.003936616019629524.9759092890117311.672927661494484Published permutation q = 0.0 (finite-sampling zero, not zero uncertainty); not a BUBR1 endpoint.
Mefloquine hydrochloride1.1816009715762681.30750832156108651.5102164979716604Published permutation q = 0.061224; not a BUBR1 endpoint.
Nicotinic acid1.18590316851372311.41528934260770330.9171679519898492Published permutation q = 0.08225; not a BUBR1 endpoint.
MVA-RT-002

Nearby contexts are not the exact variant

Median reporter readthrough (%) · zero-based scale

Model / scopePublished 144-nt PTC reporters in human cells; nearest-context subset, not endogenous BUB1B.

Median
Median paired increment: 0.0165 percentage points; it is not the difference of the two medians. The six-base analogy ignores the rest of the reporter sequence. No rescue probability is computed. Source & limits ↗
View exact chart values
Nearby contexts are not the exact variant — Median reporter readthrough (%)
ConditionMedianContext
Untreated0.174512 nearest measured six-base contexts; exact L737* context absent.
Gentamicin0.1985Same 12 contexts, not BUB1B efficacy or a patient prediction.
MVA-CTRL-006

Checkpoint competence needs its own control

Median NEBD-to-exit time (minutes) · zero-based scale

Model / scopePublished HeLa BUBR1 depletion/replacement with WT or engineered TPR variants under nocodazole challenge.

Median
Published Figure 4B under nocodazole challenge. WT and D137R are not drug-treatment arms. These cell counts do not establish between-replicate precision; no confidence interval is inferred. Source & limits ↗
View exact chart values
Checkpoint competence needs its own control — Median NEBD-to-exit time (minutes)
ConditionMedianContext
Wild type65027 cells; representative replicate, not independent biological replicates.
D137R6039 cells; representative replicate, not independent biological replicates.
MVA-RAP-GSE65145-001

BUB1B-spanning RNA feature in normal human fibroblasts

RPKM as deposited; genomic-span RNA feature · zero-based scale

Model / scopeNormal 2DD fibroblasts: proliferative vehicle, 0.5% serum, or 500 nM rapamycin for five days; two biological replicates per condition.

Biological replicate 1Biological replicate 2
GSE65145; two biological replicates per condition from one normal cell line. Continuous rapamycin for five days; no washout. The selected unstranded feature spans chr15:40453238–40513321 (hg19). No protein, checkpoint-rescue or statistical-significance claim. Overlapping features are not extra replicates. Source & limits ↗
View exact chart values
BUB1B-spanning RNA feature in normal human fibroblasts — RPKM as deposited; genomic-span RNA feature
ConditionBiological replicate 1Biological replicate 2Context
Proliferative vehicle6.2271855.57077910% FBS; DMSO vehicle.
Reduced serum1.26747830.92919510.5% FBS for five days; not matched for cell-cycle distribution.
Rapamycin 500 nM3.71147063.198672500 nM for five days; 10% FBS. Mean is 0.585706 times proliferative control.
04 / Evidence records

Evidence you can inspect.

Recorded analyses, their limits, and the next experiment that could change the decision.

Download JSON ↓
Versioned snapshot · not a live runner Data as of mva-results-2026-10-17-immunotherapy-audit-v1

Research, not a treatment recommendation. Public literature, computational reanalyses and explicitly labeled synthetic software checks only. Wet-lab validation is deferred. No private genomic data are included. The GSE65145 summary and N1002K equal-expression audit were checked by the research assistant for source support, privacy and scientific limits; neither has received independent human scientific review. The readthrough-transfer audit is assistant-reviewed, not independently human-reviewed. The immunotherapy audit is assistant-reviewed, not independently human-reviewed, and distinguishes tumor control from BUB1B disease rescue. “Completed” describes the recorded computational or review work, not biological validation. No exact-genotype pharmacologic rescue is established in this snapshot.

4Reanalysisrecords in this snapshot
6Evidence auditrecords in this snapshot
1Software testrecords in this snapshot
0Proposed experimentrecords in this snapshot

The research register.

Filter the recorded work, then open a record for its sources, method and limitations.

11 records. Expand a record to inspect evidence and provenance.

Research register — execution state and scientific decision are separate fields
Record / questionWork & executionFindingDecisionRecorded on
MVA-NMD-003704-drug NMD screen: reporter specificity ReanalysisCompleted · COMPUTATIONAL / PATHWAY EVIDENCE
Read the recorded finding

Montelukast has a published permutation q of 0.021150, but the response is reporter-dependent and confounded by non-NMD isoform changes. No hit establishes functional BUBR1 rescue.

Conditional
MVA-RT-002L737* readthrough: exact versus nearby contexts ReanalysisCompleted · COMPUTATIONAL / PATHWAY EVIDENCE
Read the recorded finding

No exact L737* measurement or exact six-flanking-base match in the 5,837-PTC table. Twelve nearest contexts have a median paired gentamicin increment of 0.0165 percentage points.

Deprioritized
MVA-CTRL-006BUBR1 functional controls: arrest duration ReanalysisCompleted · COMPUTATIONAL / DIRECT-BUBR1
Read the recorded finding

Figure 4B source-data medians are 650 minutes for WT and 60 minutes for D137R. A control for checkpoint competence, not a drug-rescue result.

Control only
MVA-N1002K-GATE-002N1002K stabilization: equal-expression gate Evidence auditCompleted · DIRECT-BUBR1 COMPARATORS / RELATED-VARIANT IN VIVO / TARGETED AUDIT
Read the recorded finding

No exact-N1002K functional experiment was located. I909T/L1012P checkpoint rescue at matched abundance makes an abundance-limited mechanism plausible, but equally expressed B56-binding mutants still failed chromosome-congression rescue and mouse L1012P showed allelic effects beyond total protein level. Stabilization remains conditional; no drug is promoted.

Conditional
MVA-L737-NMD-FIRST-001L737* NMD-first: test truncated-protein function Evidence auditCompleted · DIRECT-BUBR1 COMPARATOR / OUR INFERENCE
Read the recorded finding

A related 731X construct motivates testing whether L737* retains useful function when NMD is bypassed. The exact L737* experiment has not been performed.

Conditional
MVA-ARI-007Arimoclomol: target engagement and exposure gap Evidence auditCompleted · PATHWAY EVIDENCE / COMPUTATIONAL / OUR INFERENCE
Read the recorded finding

No direct BUBR1 or N1002K rescue evidence was located in the audit. Heat-shock responses are context-dependent; arimoclomol is not promoted to lead candidate.

Deprioritized
MVA-FUNC-005Cytostasis confounding: denominator unit test Software testCompleted · SYNTHETIC SOFTWARE FIXTURE
Read the recorded finding

The synthetic fixture flags fewer raw error-positive divisions without a lower error rate per completed division. It does not measure sirolimus activity.

Control only
MVA-RAP-GSE65145-001Rapamycin in human fibroblasts: BUB1B locus RNA signal ReanalysisCompleted · Public human perturbation data; descriptive locus-level RNA reanalysis, not functional rescue.
Read the recorded finding

The primary BUB1B-spanning feature has a Rap/Pro mean ratio of 0.585706 (41.43% lower); reduced-serum/Pro is 0.186191. Three nearly full-span features give the same direction. This does not support an RNA-abundance-increase rationale for sirolimus in this model.

Conditional
MVA-RT-TRANSFER-009Readthrough combinations: endogenous-protein transfer gap Evidence auditCompleted · OTHER-GENE HUMAN-CELL EVIDENCE / OUR INFERENCE
Read the recorded finding

G418/ELX-02 with or without mefloquine were studied beyond reporters, including endogenous PKD1 protein and withdrawal measurements. This does not establish gentamicin-combination efficacy or BUB1B rescue.

Conditional
MVA-AMLEXANOX-010Amlexanox: context-dependent readthrough evidence Evidence auditCompleted · OTHER-GENE HUMAN-CELL / PATHWAY / OUR INFERENCE
Read the recorded finding

Functional CFTR evidence supports investigating amlexanox, but negative NEFL rescue with neurite toxicity and context-dependent NMD responses prevent promotion to an established lead. GDAP1 immunofluorescence does not by itself resolve full-length protein. No exact-L737* rescue is established.

Conditional
MVA-IMMUNE-011Immunotherapy: disease rescue versus tumor control Evidence auditCompleted · DIRECT-BUBR1 MOUSE ABLATION / OTHER-MODEL CAR T / CLINICAL ONCOLOGY / OUR INFERENCE
Read the recorded finding

Genetic senescent-cell ablation delayed selected phenotypes in BubR1-deficient mice; uPAR CAR T benefits came from other mouse models. HER2 CAR T and nivolumab/ipilimumab show limited antitumor signals in sarcoma, while nivolumab monotherapy lacked solid-tumor responses in ADVL1412. Tumor control does not establish BUB1B rescue. No exact-genotype immunotherapy rescue was located.

Deprioritized

Evidence & next validation gates.

Sources describe published experiments. Proposed validation below has not been performed by this project.

MVA-NMD-003704-drug NMD screen: reporter specificityReanalysis
Evidence class
COMPUTATIONAL / PATHWAY EVIDENCE
Model / scope
Published mouse Neuro-2a AS-NMD isoform summaries; three reporter genes, not BUB1B.
Finding
Montelukast has a published permutation q of 0.021150, but the response is reporter-dependent and confounded by non-NMD isoform changes. No hit establishes functional BUBR1 rescue.
Decision
Conditional
Next validation — proposed
Establish L737* residual function first; any NMD candidate then needs allele-specific RNA, protein synthesis, and separate checkpoint/segregation endpoints.

Limitations and contradictory evidence

  • Normalized RNA ratios cannot isolate decay from splicing or isoform regulation.
  • Replicate Ct values are unavailable. Published ratio SEM formulas do not provide valid replicate-based uncertainty; no error bars are shown.
  • Translation inhibition is counterevidence for homoharringtonine. Statistical significance is not therapeutic suitability.

Sources

Provenance

Source artifact
nmd_reanalysis_20261009/results/selected_candidates.csv
Artifact SHA-256
ad7fa784e6caf2f126c9730e4edaf7dc75f0ea2ad54208661de75555ede6ab9c
Method
Extracted named compounds and ratios from the existing independently reconstructed Table S2/S4 analysis; published q values are not clinical probabilities.
Verification scope
Imported an existing analysis artifact and computed its SHA-256. This snapshot build does not rerun the original analysis or validate biological efficacy.

Artifact names and hashes identify the imported analysis package; they are not links to patient data or a claim that unpublished artifacts exist in the public research repository.

MVA-RT-002L737* readthrough: exact versus nearby contextsReanalysis
Evidence class
COMPUTATIONAL / PATHWAY EVIDENCE
Model / scope
Published 144-nt PTC reporters in human cells; nearest-context subset, not endogenous BUB1B.
Finding
No exact L737* measurement or exact six-flanking-base match in the 5,837-PTC table. Twelve nearest contexts have a median paired gentamicin increment of 0.0165 percentage points.
Decision
Deprioritized
Next validation — proposed
Use the exact L737* context with matched controls and independently test full-length protein, checkpoint response and segregation fidelity.

Limitations and contradictory evidence

  • Neighboring-context values are not a prediction for L737* or the child.
  • The main predictive analysis excluded gentamicin for weak signal.
  • Readthrough does not guarantee native leucine, endogenous transcript survival, or functional BUBR1. Gentamicin plus mefloquine remains an experimental branch only.

Sources

Provenance

Source artifact
l737_readthrough_gate_2026-10-09/results/results.json
Artifact SHA-256
8d1f7ca32b05f9e85cedc5d025ea04efee60b581ae4effea8fd389e6f4afbcb9
Method
Extracted medians from the existing nearest-context reanalysis. The paired median increment is not the difference of group medians.
Verification scope
Imported an existing analysis artifact and computed its SHA-256. This snapshot build does not rerun the original analysis or validate biological efficacy.

Artifact names and hashes identify the imported analysis package; they are not links to patient data or a claim that unpublished artifacts exist in the public research repository.

MVA-CTRL-006BUBR1 functional controls: arrest durationReanalysis
Evidence class
COMPUTATIONAL / DIRECT-BUBR1
Model / scope
Published HeLa BUBR1 depletion/replacement with WT or engineered TPR variants under nocodazole challenge.
Finding
Figure 4B source-data medians are 650 minutes for WT and 60 minutes for D137R. A control for checkpoint competence, not a drug-rescue result.
Decision
Control only
Next validation — proposed
Require independent checkpoint and chromosome-segregation readouts in future equal-expression assays.

Limitations and contradictory evidence

  • D137R is not N1002K; no tested drug or exact patient genotype.
  • Cells in the displayed representative replicate are not independent biological replicates.
  • Mitotic-arrest duration under spindle challenge is not chromosome-segregation fidelity in unperturbed divisions.

Sources

Provenance

Source artifact
bubr1_checkpoint_kinetics_2026-10-09/results.json
Artifact SHA-256
d6be3833115ac368fffe185dfea0e42439e4c80e723b88c626ecb9b874073e6c
Method
Selected the Figure 4B rows from a completed deterministic source-workbook reanalysis; no kinetic rate or new confidence interval inferred.
Verification scope
Imported an existing analysis artifact and computed its SHA-256. This snapshot build does not rerun the original analysis or validate biological efficacy.

Artifact names and hashes identify the imported analysis package; they are not links to patient data or a claim that unpublished artifacts exist in the public research repository.

MVA-N1002K-GATE-002N1002K stabilization: equal-expression gateEvidence audit
Evidence class
DIRECT-BUBR1 COMPARATORS / RELATED-VARIANT IN VIVO / TARGETED AUDIT
Model / scope
Published human-cell BUBR1 depletion/replacement studies, MVA fibroblast rescue and a mouse L1012P comparator model; none tests N1002K.
Finding
No exact-N1002K functional experiment was located. I909T/L1012P checkpoint rescue at matched abundance makes an abundance-limited mechanism plausible, but equally expressed B56-binding mutants still failed chromosome-congression rescue and mouse L1012P showed allelic effects beyond total protein level. Stabilization remains conditional; no drug is promoted.
Decision
Conditional
Next validation — proposed
At measured matched abundance, compare WT, N1002K and L1012P in one depletion-replacement system; report nocodazole checkpoint arrest separately from chromosome alignment and missegregation per completed division. Wet-lab work is deferred.

Limitations and contradictory evidence

  • This targeted audit is not a systematic review; failure to locate an exact-N1002K study does not prove that none exists.
  • I909T and L1012P are comparator variants, not substitutes for N1002K.
  • B56-binding mutants lie in a different region and demonstrate only that equal abundance is not universally sufficient.
  • Mouse L1002P models human L1012P, not human N1002K.
  • Checkpoint-only rescue must not be relabeled as chromosome-alignment or segregation rescue.
  • The published 6% versus 13% titration is cell-line-specific, not a universal functional or clinical threshold.

Sources

Provenance

Source artifact
n1002k_equal_expression_audit_2026-10-10/audit.json
Artifact SHA-256
30a149370a4bd736fbe39618c2e0ed549008066ea004bd24a5e699308657c73d
Method
Targeted exact-variant search plus primary-study comparison of abundance-matched BUBR1 rescue and counterexamples; no biological simulation was executed.
Verification scope
Primary-source claims were checked against PMID 20516114 Figures 2D/3/4D, PMID 23789096 Figures 2/4 and PMID 31738183 Figures 1-3. Artifact bytes were hashed directly. No independent human scientific review or biological efficacy validation is claimed.

Artifact names and hashes identify the imported analysis package; they are not links to patient data or a claim that unpublished artifacts exist in the public research repository.

MVA-L737-NMD-FIRST-001L737* NMD-first: test truncated-protein functionEvidence audit
Evidence class
DIRECT-BUBR1 COMPARATOR / OUR INFERENCE
Model / scope
Published 731X/753X BUBR1 constructs and a proposed exact-L737* validation design.
Finding
A related 731X construct motivates testing whether L737* retains useful function when NMD is bypassed. The exact L737* experiment has not been performed.
Decision
Conditional
Next validation — proposed
Test WT, clean L737*, 731X and 753X at matched abundance; advance NMD modulation only if the exact truncation retains useful function.

Limitations and contradictory evidence

  • 731X is a frameshift product with about 715 native residues, not a clean L737* surrogate.
  • NMD sensitivity is predicted, not measured for this child.
  • More nonsense transcript can increase nonfunctional protein; NMD inhibition does not itself remove a stop codon.

Sources

Provenance

Source artifact
l737_nmd_first_gate_2026-10-09/experiment.json
Artifact SHA-256
68b890531733aec6fc1f4a6cace8ce8e85bdcccf63bb61900688b831aa383a69
Method
Imported an evidence-supported proposed design. Completed refers to the audit, not execution of the wet-lab validation.
Verification scope
Imported an existing analysis artifact and computed its SHA-256. This snapshot build does not rerun the original analysis or validate biological efficacy.

Artifact names and hashes identify the imported analysis package; they are not links to patient data or a claim that unpublished artifacts exist in the public research repository.

MVA-ARI-007Arimoclomol: target engagement and exposure gapEvidence audit
Evidence class
PATHWAY EVIDENCE / COMPUTATIONAL / OUR INFERENCE
Model / scope
Human-cell heat-shock studies and a nominal molar conversion of FDA-label serum concentrations.
Finding
No direct BUBR1 or N1002K rescue evidence was located in the audit. Heat-shock responses are context-dependent; arimoclomol is not promoted to lead candidate.
Decision
Deprioritized
Next validation — proposed
Require target engagement at relevant exposure plus exact-variant functional rescue before reconsidering prioritization.

Limitations and contradictory evidence

  • Published human-cell systems report both conditional induction and negative responses.
  • Total serum exposure and nominal cell-culture concentration are not pharmacokinetically interchangeable.
  • Approval for a different disease does not establish MVA efficacy.

Sources

Provenance

Source artifact
arimoclomol_n1002k_gate_2026-10-09/results.json
Artifact SHA-256
6ce51099f036cd0082358c22176f9f58e3065fc545a32781d40014c020233764
Method
Imported the existing nominal concentration conversion; no tissue distribution, free-drug exposure or rescue model was calculated.
Verification scope
Imported an existing analysis artifact and computed its SHA-256. This snapshot build does not rerun the original analysis or validate biological efficacy.

Artifact names and hashes identify the imported analysis package; they are not links to patient data or a claim that unpublished artifacts exist in the public research repository.

MVA-FUNC-005Cytostasis confounding: denominator unit testSoftware test
Evidence class
SYNTHETIC SOFTWARE FIXTURE
Model / scope
Invented test counts used only to test code; not an experiment or a biological simulation.
Finding
The synthetic fixture flags fewer raw error-positive divisions without a lower error rate per completed division. It does not measure sirolimus activity.
Decision
Control only
Next validation — proposed
Reuse the denominator checks with prospectively designed real measurements when wet-lab work becomes available.

Limitations and contradictory evidence

  • All fixture counts are synthetic.
  • No drug response, BUBR1 rescue, or patient outcome can be inferred from a passing software test.

Sources

  • Project-generated synthetic software fixture. Not a published biological result.

Provenance

Source artifact
mitosis_adjudicator_2026-10-08/examples/cytostasis_results.json
Artifact SHA-256
dfb5fa29aa719fc59d206cf34a8d33b1ce59bda41d5665f685a219c6770a753b
Method
Imported the labeled fixture output, checked the synthetic flag, and excluded synthetic quantities from the scientific charts.
Verification scope
Imported an existing analysis artifact and computed its SHA-256. This snapshot build does not rerun the original analysis or validate biological efficacy.

Artifact names and hashes identify the imported analysis package; they are not links to patient data or a claim that unpublished artifacts exist in the public research repository.

MVA-RAP-GSE65145-001Rapamycin in human fibroblasts: BUB1B locus RNA signalReanalysis
Evidence class
Public human perturbation data; descriptive locus-level RNA reanalysis, not functional rescue.
Model / scope
Normal 2DD fibroblasts: proliferative vehicle, 0.5% serum, or 500 nM rapamycin for five days; two biological replicates per condition.
Finding
The primary BUB1B-spanning feature has a Rap/Pro mean ratio of 0.585706 (41.43% lower); reduced-serum/Pro is 0.186191. Three nearly full-span features give the same direction. This does not support an RNA-abundance-increase rationale for sirolimus in this model.
Decision
Conditional
Next validation — proposed
Keep sirolimus conditional. Proposed: compare full-length BUBR1 protein and segregation errors per completed division after transient exposure and washout at matched cell-cycle distribution. Wet-lab work is deferred.

Limitations and contradictory evidence

  • Unstranded genomic-span features, not direct BUBR1 protein measurements or validated mature transcript isoform estimates.
  • Three overlapping features are sensitivity views of the same locus, not independent biological replicates.
  • Two biological replicates per condition from one normal cell line; no MVA genotype and no donor-level replication.
  • Serum reduction is a useful control but is not matched to rapamycin for cell-cycle distribution; no causal proliferation adjustment is claimed.
  • Continuous 500 nM/five-day treatment; no washout, transient exposure, aneuploidy, mitotic checkpoint or rescue endpoint.
  • Published normalized RPKM values are used as deposited without re-alignment, count-based differential expression, an added pseudocount, p-values or rescue probabilities.
  • 149122 rows were observed in each deposited track; the paper states 149135 probes. The 13-row difference is not resolved here.
  • This does not establish that BUBR1 protein falls, rule out post-transcriptional effects, or predict clinical harm or benefit.

Sources

Provenance

Source artifact
MVA_GSE65145_BUB1B_2026-10-10.zip/gse65145_bub1b_results.json
Artifact SHA-256
e71199b4f23c6315f02febfd18aac8b9bcd7e7f8bb05a7a7b624ad874d54d3b6
Method
Parse six deposited hg19 RPKM tracks; require >=99% reciprocal overlap with RefSeq NM_001211.6; select minimum boundary-distance feature and calculate ratios of arithmetic means. Check all three qualifying features.
Verification scope
All six coordinate arrays match; each has 149122 rows. Eighteen rows overlap the anchor and three qualify. GEO sample titles and artifact hashes verified. Complete reproducible package saved separately; no human scientific review or new biological experiment is claimed.

Artifact names and hashes identify the imported analysis package; they are not links to patient data or a claim that unpublished artifacts exist in the public research repository.

MVA-RT-TRANSFER-009Readthrough combinations: endogenous-protein transfer gapEvidence audit
Evidence class
OTHER-GENE HUMAN-CELL EVIDENCE / OUR INFERENCE
Model / scope
Published HEK293 PKD1 reporters and WT9-12 cells bearing endogenous PKD1 Q2556X; not BUB1B.
Finding
G418/ELX-02 with or without mefloquine were studied beyond reporters, including endogenous PKD1 protein and withdrawal measurements. This does not establish gentamicin-combination efficacy or BUB1B rescue.
Decision
Conditional
Next validation — proposed
Keep gentamicin plus mefloquine experimental only; add ELX-02 to proposed mechanistic comparators, not the repurposing lead list. Require exact-L737* RNA, full-length protein and checkpoint/segregation outcomes after withdrawal. Wet-lab deferred.

Limitations and contradictory evidence

  • Different gene, stop context and functional endpoint; endogenous Q2556X is TAG, not the L737* UGA premise.
  • RNA abundance does not isolate NMD; protein after withdrawal does not establish BUBR1 function or systemic tolerability.
  • No exact-genotype rescue, native leucine incorporation or clinically transferable exposure is established.
  • ELX-02 is a future mechanistic comparator; this audit does not establish market-approved Track 2 eligibility.
  • Qualitative audit only; no new biological experiment, numerical reanalysis or scientific chart.

Sources

Provenance

Source artifact
MVA_READTHROUGH_TRANSFER_AUDIT_2026-10-11.json
Artifact SHA-256
7dc7dc6fedfd923ab7c7fcaff2bf8fb5cada27fa9bb3a3830ddc477af8175d27
Method
Targeted primary-study agent/model/endpoint audit; no numerical reanalysis or simulation.
Verification scope
PMID/DOI and Figures 1, 4, 5 and 6 checked via publisher and Europe PMC. Artifact saved separately, not committed to the public research repository. Assistant review only.

Artifact names and hashes identify the imported analysis package; they are not links to patient data or a claim that unpublished artifacts exist in the public research repository.

MVA-AMLEXANOX-010Amlexanox: context-dependent readthrough evidenceEvidence audit
Evidence class
OTHER-GENE HUMAN-CELL / PATHWAY / OUR INFERENCE
Model / scope
Published CFTR cells, GDAP1 neuronal progenitors, NEFL motor neurons and mouse NMD reporters; no exact BUB1B model.
Finding
Functional CFTR evidence supports investigating amlexanox, but negative NEFL rescue with neurite toxicity and context-dependent NMD responses prevent promotion to an established lead. GDAP1 immunofluorescence does not by itself resolve full-length protein. No exact-L737* rescue is established.
Decision
Conditional
Next validation — proposed
Can exact-L737*-derived full-length BUBR1 be demonstrated at an exposure that also improves checkpoint and segregation independently of cytostasis? Require allele attribution, viability/proliferation controls and separate functional endpoints. Wet-lab validation remains proposed.

Limitations and contradictory evidence

  • Targeted audit, not a systematic review. No exact BUB1B-L737* pharmacological rescue was located in the sources reviewed.
  • NMD susceptibility remains predicted for L737*. Readthrough need not insert native leucine.
  • No efficacy probability, universal abundance threshold, docking result or new numerical biological result is claimed.
  • No patient genome-scale data were accessed. No independent human scientific review.
  • Positive and negative neuronal studies differ in gene, cell state, concentration and exposure duration; they cannot define a BUB1B therapeutic window.
  • Historical oral-paste approval and serum exposure do not establish systemic MVA suitability.

Sources

Provenance

Source artifact
MVA_AMLEXANOX_AUDIT_2026-10-17.json
Artifact SHA-256
947129103dd93e1ba722f4301b86e158ad705c2376fca6b07fb1fb4066e47394
Method
Targeted primary-literature audit of positive and contradictory evidence; no quantitative reanalysis or biological simulation.
Verification scope
Figures checked: CFTR Figure 6; GDAP1 Figures 2-4; NEFL Figure 6. Historical FDA label pharmacokinetics reviewed. Artifact preserved separately as libfile_f3289a7f9e808191b3bfaefb0307eff1, not committed to the public research repository. Assistant source/privacy/scientific review only.

Artifact names and hashes identify the imported analysis package; they are not links to patient data or a claim that unpublished artifacts exist in the public research repository.

MVA-IMMUNE-011Immunotherapy: disease rescue versus tumor controlEvidence audit
Evidence class
DIRECT-BUBR1 MOUSE ABLATION / OTHER-MODEL CAR T / CLINICAL ONCOLOGY / OUR INFERENCE
Model / scope
BubR1 H/H INK-ATTAC mice; separate aging/metabolic CAR T mouse models; early human sarcoma studies. No exact BUB1B variant model.
Finding
Genetic senescent-cell ablation delayed selected phenotypes in BubR1-deficient mice; uPAR CAR T benefits came from other mouse models. HER2 CAR T and nivolumab/ipilimumab show limited antitumor signals in sarcoma, while nivolumab monotherapy lacked solid-tumor responses in ADVL1412. Tumor control does not establish BUB1B rescue. No exact-genotype immunotherapy rescue was located.
Decision
Deprioritized
Next validation — proposed
Retain immune senolysis as future exploratory research, not the immediate BUB1B rescue lead. Does a relevant BUB1B model contain harmful senescent cells with a selectively targetable surface antigen while preserving normal/progenitor cells and tissue function? Wet-lab validation remains proposed.

Limitations and contradictory evidence

  • Targeted qualitative audit, not a systematic review or quantitative reanalysis. No new biological experiment or scientific chart.
  • INK-ATTAC is transgene-dependent genetic ablation, not immunotherapy. The uPAR CAR T study did not test BubR1-deficient mice or the exact human variants.
  • Senescent, aneuploid and tumor cells are not interchangeable. Selective antigen expression and preservation of essential tissue remain unresolved.
  • Clinical sarcoma responses do not establish MVA efficacy, tumor prevention or correction of chromosome segregation. Small, selected trials do not provide an individual success probability.
  • Experimental HER2/uPAR CAR T products were not identified as market-approved repurposing leads. Immune toxicity and conditioning limit transfer.
  • Some primary reports were accessible only as abstracts, indexed passages or figure captions; no inaccessible full text was represented as reviewed.
  • No patient genome-scale data were accessed. Review was performed by the assistant; no independent human scientific review.

Sources

Provenance

Source artifact
MVA_IMMUNOTHERAPY_AUDIT_2026-10-17.json
Artifact SHA-256
05ae8ff5ec7a7a11a7ca831e3fd20fc2888c6140e508f08a285b362672f4cf2c
Method
Targeted primary-literature audit comparing interventions, models and endpoints across five reports; no pooled response rate or simulated result.
Verification scope
Baker 2011 abstract/Figures 2-4 captions; Amor 2024 full text/Figures 3-7; clinical primary abstracts/indexed text. Artifact saved separately as libfile_119c9d65d5d08191864457ab60d32d2c, not committed to the public research repository. Assistant source/privacy/scientific review only.

Artifact names and hashes identify the imported analysis package; they are not links to patient data or a claim that unpublished artifacts exist in the public research repository.

05 / October 24 revision

Robustness and limits.

A dated, post-hoc exploratory computational audit of two earlier observations, and the candidate decision matrix it leaves unchanged.

  1. Submission 1

    Original report

    The Track 2 report as originally submitted. Frozen and unchanged by the revision.

  2. October 17, 2026

    Evidence snapshot

    11 records: 4 reanalyses, 6 evidence audits and 1 synthetic software test, with 4 charts. Unchanged: the new sensitivity diagnostics are not added to it.

  3. October 24, 2026

    Research revision

    Scientific update prepared and published in the research repository. It is not an officially resubmitted report or PDF. Published at commit bc39224.

Robustness and limits

· source sensitivity_results.json at commit bc39224 · protocol · amendment 01 · audit guide

Post-hoc exploratory, not a prospective preregistration. The protocol was recorded after the original results were known and amended before these sensitivities were executed. The run used manifest-verified cached public inputs in the current, non-isolated environment, not a fresh download or a clean environment. It adds no statistical test, p-value, confidence interval, causal correction, biological experiment or clinical efficacy.

Computational analyses executed

Exhaustive, deterministic leave-out and feature-selection diagnostics over two published processed datasets: 12 measured readthrough rows selected from 5,837 populated table rows, and GSE65145 RNA tracks with 2 samples per condition. The four original reanalyses were replayed and matched their archived hashes (replay check ).

Evidence from other genes and models

The readthrough values come from HEK293T landing-pad reporters, not endogenous BUB1B. The RNA feature comes from one normal fibroblast line without the MVA genotype. Neither is an exact L737* or N1002K measurement.

Future functional experiments

Exact L737* product and N1002K function, BUBR1 protein, checkpoint response and segregation errors per completed division: proposed, not performed (section 06).

Unknowns that remain open

No exact six-base context measurement for L737*; no exact-span RNA feature; proliferation confounding unresolved; the 149,122 deposited rows versus 149,135 probes stated in the paper remain an unresolved source discrepancy.

What holds, what changes and what is insufficient. A reading of finite diagnostics, not an efficacy score.
CheckExecuted resultReadingWhat it means
Readthrough near L737* (published PTC reporter table)Primary source: Toledano et al., genome-scale PTC readthrough (Nature Genetics), Supplementary Table 3 ↗
Readthrough denominator 12 measured variant rows representing 8 unique six-base contexts. Exact six-base matches with L737*: 0. Minimum Hamming distance: 1. Changes Not 12 independent contexts and not 12 biological replicates. The earlier wording “12 nearby sequence contexts” is corrected.
Median paired increment, full nearest set +0.0165 percentage points; 11 positive and 1 negative individual paired differences (RP1_S542X, −0.0030 percentage points). Holds Small source-table median in reporter sequences; not “0.0165% rescue” and not BUB1B efficacy.
Leave one measured row out 12 deletions; median paired increment +0.0140 to +0.0190 percentage points. Holds All retained-set medians stay positive. A finite diagnostic range, not a confidence interval.
Leave one whole context group out 8 deletions; median paired increment +0.0135 to +0.0285 percentage points. Holds Direction retained after removing repeated contexts; the magnitude changes. Not a confidence interval.
Equal weight per context Median of 8 within-context medians: +0.0160 percentage points. Changes A separate descriptive estimand, not an independent replication.
Difference between marginal medians Gentamicin 0.1985% minus untreated 0.1745%: +0.0240 percentage points. Changes A different quantity. It does not replace the median paired increment (+0.0165 percentage points).
Rapamycin and the BUB1B-spanning RNA feature (GSE65145)Primary sources: GSE65145 processed tracks (NCBI GEO) ↗ · Gillespie et al., rapamycin and normal human fibroblast transcription ↗
Feature selection, reciprocal overlap 95%, 97.5%, 99% and 99.5% select the same 3 highly redundant features; Rap/Pro ≈ 0.585706. Holds Technical selection stability. The features are redundant locus views and do not increase the biological n.
Exact-span threshold 100% reciprocal overlap: no eligible feature. Insufficient Insufficient, not zero expression; no silent fallback to another feature.
Primary feature, condition means Arithmetic Rap/Pro 0.585706 (41.43% lower); geometric 0.584998. Holds Direction unchanged under the second estimator. An RNA feature, not BUBR1 protein or rescue.
Leave one sample out 6 deletions; Rap/Pro 0.542241 to 0.629171. Holds All remain below 1. The condition that loses a sample keeps one. Not a precision interval.
Unpaired cross-condition ratios 4 Rap/Pro sample ratios: 0.513663 to 0.666239. Holds A sample-dependence diagnostic, not 4 biological replicates.
Proliferation state Qui/Pro 0.186191; Rap/Qui 3.145731. Insufficient Descriptive comparisons without adjustment. Reduced serum is not a cell-cycle-matched control: proliferation confounding is not resolved and no BUB1B-specific effect is shown.
Both analyses
Exact-genotype function No exact L737* context measurement, BUBR1 protein, exact-genotype functional rescue or clinical efficacy was tested. Insufficient Not tested by this audit; it remains future wet-lab work.
  • Every deletion and cross-sample range is a finite diagnostic range, not a confidence interval. The deletions are exhaustive and deterministic: no random seed, no bootstrap.
  • Readthrough differences are in percentage points of reporter readthrough. The 12 rows were selected by six-base distance to the L737* flanks without using response values.
  • GSE65145 has 2 biological samples per condition from one normal fibroblast line. The 3 overlapping features, 4 ratios and 6 deletions do not increase n.
  • Result files: full results (JSON) · PTC rows (CSV) · GSE threshold grid (CSV) · SHA-256 of the results file 4062d0d4d50a2d0e6ef43904727e7f50487ae10de9dd16affc00c1ca2129c2e1, verified when this page loads it.

Candidate decision matrix

· candidate_decision_matrix_20261024.md at commit bc39224

No exact-genotype pharmacological rescue is established. Priorities are experimental branches, not an efficacy ranking or a treatment plan, and the rows keep the document's order. The product findings were already public at commit 0cb71c4; they are not new results of this revision. Competition eligibility remains a separate determination.

Candidate, verified product and current gate. Nominal culture concentrations are not human exposure, and no dose for patients is implied.
CandidateVerified product statusExact versus other-model evidenceExposure limitFunctional uncertaintyCurrent gateDecisive experiment
AmlexanoxEligibility HOLD HOLD for nomination. US 5% dental paste NDA020511/001 and 2 mg topical patch NDA021727/001: Discontinued. Current eligible systemic product unresolved.No exact L737* rescue. CFTR functional signal; contrary NEFL findings with neurite toxicity. GDAP1 staining does not establish full-length protein.Paste-associated total serum ~0.402 µM is not systemic-tablet PK. Other-gene culture conditions 0.2-25 µM and 100 µM differ by model. Adequate systemic unbound bridge absent.RNA increase or staining may not yield useful BUBR1. Readthrough can insert a non-native residue.Resolve product, formulation and jurisdiction before nomination. Require useful identified protein and functional gain at defensible exposure; reject toxicity or cytostasis-only signal.In splice-preserving exact L737* cells, verify allele-specific RNA and both protein termini, then checkpoint and errors per completed division. Measure unbound exposure and viability.
MontelukastConditional NMD hypothesis US Rising/Teva 10 mg-base oral tablets ANDA209012/001 and ANDA078605/001: Prescription. This is not organizer eligibility certification.No exact BUB1B rescue. Mouse Neuro-2a endogenous AS-NMD reporter-isoform response, not BUB1B target engagement.5 µM for 5 h in reporter study versus historical mean Cmax ~0.720 µM total plasma; >99% plasma binding. These are not matched free exposures.Exact L737* truncated-protein function is unknown. NMD modulation preserves the stop codon. The related 731X frameshift is not an exact surrogate.Conditional mechanism branch only. First require useful exact-truncation function. RNA-only response cannot pass; stop if truncation is inactive or harmful.Express exact L737* under controlled abundance; test checkpoint and segregation. Only if useful, test endogenous allele-specific stabilization and functional benefit under credible exposure.
Gentamicin + mefloquineExperimental branch US gentamicin injection ANDA062366/001-002 and mefloquine oral tablet ANDA076392/001: Prescription. Combination unapproved for MVA.No exact BUB1B rescue. Omachi Figure 6B/D: HEK293 COL4A5-R1563X/G5X NanoLuc reporters, 2/4 mM gentamicin + 20 µM mefloquine, 24 h. G418 panels are separate.Nominal culture concentrations; no justified simultaneous unbound human exposure. Mefloquine total-plasma comparison is not a safety margin. No gentamicin mixture mass conversion.Reporter luminescence does not establish functional BUBR1 or synergy. Full-length readthrough may be non-native.Experimental only. Require identified full-length product and gain over the relevant single agent. Stop for unsupported co-exposure, toxicity or absent functional gain.Compare both monotherapies, combination, vehicle and corrected controls in exact splice-preserving context. Separate protein identity, checkpoint, segregation and viability endpoints.
SirolimusMechanistic comparator Mechanistic comparator, not current rescue lead. Product-level re-nomination and eligibility not established in this matrix.No exact-genotype rescue. Normal-fibroblast RNA feature decreased 41.43% with rapamycin versus proliferative vehicle. Earlier mTOR/SASP evidence is pathway/model dependent.500 nM continuously for 5 days in GSE65145. No MVA target-tissue PK or functional exposure bridge established.Deposited RNA feature is not mature-isoform abundance, BUBR1 protein or rescue. Proliferation confounding remains.Do not advance an RNA-increase rationale. A downstream branch needs a demonstrated pathway abnormality and separate tissue endpoint with mitotic safety.In genotype-relevant cells, establish the pathway abnormality and test the chosen endpoint with matched proliferation, lineage/viability tracking and errors per division.

Shared GO rule: predefine independent biological units, primary functional endpoint, meaningful effect, precision and toxicity/exposure bounds. Inconclusive is not GO. Checkpoint-only benefit is not segregation rescue. No candidate passes these gates yet.

Sources: product and exposure fiche (references P1-P16) · source evidence appendix · revised report, sections 4 and 6 · Omachi et al. (2022), COL4A5 readthrough reporters, Figure 6B/D ↗ · Organizer combination guidance ↗. The human-exposure anchors are historical and formulation-specific; prescription status is not local stock, pediatric safety or efficacy.

06 / Future validation

The next decisive measurements.

Proposed work. These biological experiments have not been performed by this project.

  1. 01

    Exact-variant function

    Establish L737* product function and N1002K activity at matched protein abundance.

  2. 02

    Independent endpoints

    Measure checkpoint competence and chromosome segregation separately.

  3. 03

    Interpret the controls

    Account for viability, proliferation and completed divisions before interpreting a drug response.

Conceptual illustration of culture dishes, a multi-well plate and a readout panel representing proposed laboratory work.
Conceptual illustrationProposed work, not performed
07 / Sources and limitations

Where the evidence comes from, and where it stops.

Published sources behind the records, the scope of this snapshot, and the historical Track 1 context that motivated the case.

Scope of this snapshot

Public literature, computational reanalyses and explicitly labeled synthetic software checks only. Wet-lab validation is deferred. No private genomic data are included. The GSE65145 summary and N1002K equal-expression audit were checked by the research assistant for source support, privacy and scientific limits; neither has received independent human scientific review. The readthrough-transfer audit is assistant-reviewed, not independently human-reviewed. The immunotherapy audit is assistant-reviewed, not independently human-reviewed, and distinguishes tumor control from BUB1B disease rescue.

Snapshot mva-results-2026-10-17-immunotherapy-audit-v1 · data as of . Each record states its evidence class, model, limitations and the next proposed validation.

21 published sourcesPrimary papers and public datasets cited by the records
  1. Zhao et al. — molecular profiling of NMD modulators ↗PMID 35024243 · DOI 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.003

    Mouse Neuro-2a; three AS-NMD isoform reporters · Tables S1/S2/S4; Figures 2–5 and 7

  2. Toledano et al. — genome-scale PTC readthrough ↗PMID 39174735 · DOI 10.1038/s41588-024-01878-5

    Human HEK293T landing-pad reporters; not endogenous BUB1B · Supplementary Table 3; Extended Data Figure 4

  3. Omachi et al. — COL4A5 readthrough reporters ↗PMID 35243249 · DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103891

    HEK293 COL4A5 cDNA reporters; different gene and context · Figure 6: gentamicin plus mefloquine

  4. Suijkerbuijk et al. — molecular causes of BUBR1 dysfunction ↗PMID 20516114 · DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-4319

    U2OS/HeLa BUBR1 depletion and replacement · Figures 4D and 5; comparator variants, not N1002K

  5. Xu et al. — BUBR1 recruits PP2A-B56 for chromosome congression ↗PMID 23789096 · DOI 10.1242/bio.20134051

    HeLa BUBR1 depletion/reconstitution and BUB1B-mutated MVA fibroblast rescue · Figures 2 and 4; equally expressed B56-binding mutants are functional counterexamples

  6. Sieben et al. — allelic effects in MVA progeria syndrome ↗PMID 31738183 · DOI 10.1172/JCI126863

    Mouse BubR1 L1002P ortholog model of human L1012P with hypomorphic or truncating alleles · Abstract and Figures 1-3; related variant, not N1002K

  7. BUBR1 TPR / MCC–APC/C functional controls ↗PMID 42477419 · DOI 10.1038/s42003-026-10384-9

    HeLa endogenous BUBR1 RNAi and RNAi-resistant YFP replacement · Figure 4B; supplementary source-data workbook, Sheet1

  8. Deane and Brown — conditional heat-shock co-induction ↗PMID 27273088 · DOI 10.1007/s12192-016-0708-2

    Differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells; arimoclomol plus celastrol · Figures 2–5; not a BUBR1 study

  9. Steurer et al. — HSF1 reporter evaluation ↗PMID 35218516 · DOI 10.1007/s12033-022-00467-3

    Human HSF-responsive reporter and endogenous target systems · Table 1 and Figure 4: negative arimoclomol response in this system

  10. FDA — MIPLYFFA prescribing information (2024) ↗

    Regulatory label; human serum pharmacokinetics, different indication · Clinical pharmacology; historical label used by the 2026-10-09 audit

  11. Gillespie et al. — rapamycin and normal human fibroblast transcription ↗PMID 26652669 · DOI 10.1080/19491034.2015.1128610

    2DD normal human foreskin fibroblasts; two biological replicates per condition · GSE65145 processed tracks; Figures 1 and 3; Figure S2; Cell culture and RNA-seq methods

  12. Torban et al. — PKD1 readthrough and partial cellular rescue ↗PMID 41274954 · DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-26775-7

    Human HEK293 PKD1 reporters and WT9-12 cells; other-gene evidence · Figures 1H-I, 4, 5 and 6; published 2025-11-22

  13. Amlexanox rescue in human cells ↗PMID 22938201 · DOI 10.1186/1750-1172-7-58

    Human 6CFSMEo- CFTR nonsense cells · Figure 6

  14. Amlexanox in GDAP1 neuronal progenitors ↗PMID 37513945 · DOI 10.3390/ph16071034

    Human iPSC-derived neuronal progenitors with GDAP1 p.Ser194* (UGA) · Figures 2-4

  15. NEFL motor-neuron negative rescue ↗PMID 35237613 · DOI 10.3389/fcell.2021.820105

    Human iPSC-derived NEFL nonsense motor neurons · Figure 6; Treatments

  16. FDA historical Aphthasol label ↗

    Historical FDA Aphthasol 5% oral-paste label · Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, page 1

  17. Clearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders ↗PMID 22048312 · DOI 10.1038/nature10600

    BubR1 H/H hypomorphic progeroid mice carrying INK-ATTAC. · Abstract; Figures 2-4 public captions.

  18. Prophylactic and long-lasting efficacy of senolytic CAR T cells against age-related metabolic dysfunction ↗PMID 38267706 · DOI 10.1038/s43587-023-00560-5

    Naturally aged C57BL/6 mice and high-fat-diet mice. · Figures 3-5 (clearance, safety assessments and metabolic endpoints); Figures 6-7 (persistence/prevention and high-fat diet).

  19. Autologous HER2-specific CAR T cells after lymphodepletion for advanced sarcoma: a phase 1 trial ↗PMID 38658775 · DOI 10.1038/s43018-024-00749-6

    People with progressive HER2-positive sarcoma, including rhabdomyosarcoma. · Abstract; Table 1 and response results / Figure 4 located through indexed primary-article text.

  20. Nivolumab in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory solid tumours or lymphoma (ADVL1412) ↗PMID 32192573 · DOI 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30023-1

    Pediatric and young-adult relapsed/refractory malignancies; phase 1-2. · Abstract, findings and interpretation; no figure-level extraction.

  21. A Phase I/II Trial of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Children and Young Adults with Relapsed/Refractory Solid Tumors: ADVL1412 ↗PMID 36190525 · DOI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-2164

    Children and young adults with recurrent/refractory solid tumors. · Abstract reproduced by the investigators at Children's Oncology Group; Figure 3A located in indexed primary text.

Background / Track 1Variant prioritization and reproducible methodOpen the historical context
The question

Rare Disease, Real Kid

Behind the data is a real child with mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA), a rare disorder of chromosome segregation that combines a predisposition to childhood cancer with severe growth restriction.

Given the patient's genome, which variants explain the disease?
The hypothesis

Two BUB1B variants, a causal-pair hypothesis

BUB1B encodes BubR1, a core component of the spindle assembly checkpoint. The pair includes a premature stop and a missense substitution in the C-terminal region. Molecular phase, residual function and pharmacologic rescue remain unresolved.

BUB1B / chr15:40161069-40221123 GRCh38
compound heterozygous · autosomal recessive model BubR1 · 1050 aa
Allele 1 · truncatingc.2210T>G

p.Leu737Ter

Introduces a stop codon at residue 737 before the C-terminal kinase/pseudokinase region. The transcript is predicted to be NMD-sensitive; its abundance and any residual truncated-protein function have not been measured for this case. ClinVar annotations associate this variant with MVA syndrome type 1.

Allele 2 · missensec.3006T>G

p.Asn1002Lys

Ultra-rare: observed once among ~1.46 million alleles in gnomAD v4.1, with no homozygotes. Asparagine to lysine at residue 1002, inside the BubR1 kinase domain.

SIFT 0.000PolyPhen 0.997CADD 26.4
BubR1 protein map: 1050 amino acids, kinase domain at residues 750–1045, stop codon at 737 on allele 1, Asn1002Lys on allele 2. 1 1050 aa ALLELE 1 · p.Leu737Ter STOP at 737 predicted C-terminal loss ALLELE 2 · p.Asn1002Lys kinase domain 750–1045 Asn→Lys 1002
Schematic only: 1050-aa BubR1 with an approximate C-terminal kinase/pseudokinase region. This is not an observed protein product, a phasing result or a functional assay.
What we did not prove

The limits, in writing

The VCF carried no phase information and there was no parental segregation data. We could not independently show that the two alleles are in trans, one inherited from each parent.

We left it in the report as an open limitation, together with the validation path that would resolve it. A genomic result that does not state what it did not prove is not a result; it is a claim.

Inside the cell

From allele to phenotype

  1. 01Candidate causal pair

    p.Leu737Ter and p.Asn1002Lys motivate a reduced-functional-BubR1 hypothesis; residual function is unmeasured.

  2. 02Weak checkpoint

    The spindle checkpoint no longer holds anaphase until every chromosome is attached.

  3. 03Lagging chromosome

    Division goes ahead anyway and a chromosome is left behind.

  4. 04Unequal daughter cells

    Daughters inherit n+1 and n−1. Repeated through development, this yields a mosaic body.

This simplified disease model motivates research into future segregation errors. It is not evidence that an intervention can reverse established aneuploidy, developmental abnormalities or cancer.

The funnel

From 5 million variants to one pair

  1. 5,012,204 variants in the genome bcftools view -H "${VCF}" | wc -l
  2. 4,740,790 pass the caller filter bcftools view -f PASS
  3. 14 in the BUB1B locus (13 PASS) bcftools view -r 15:40161069-40221123
  4. 7 PASS heterozygous bcftools view -i 'GT="het"'
  5. 2 exonic on NM_001211.6 (MANE) VEP --offline, MANE transcript
  6. 1 pair the hypothesis presented ClinVar · gnomAD · SIFT · PolyPhen · CADD · domain

Driven by the disease mechanism rather than brute force: prioritise the gene, extract and QC the locus, map to the MANE transcript, and require every candidate to survive converging evidence.

Reproducible by design

One Makefile, one container

The public Track 1 repository documents containerized commands. Controlled inputs and separate Track 2 analysis artifacts are not bundled with that repository.

make build        # Ubuntu 24.04 ARM64 + bcftools, samtools, bedtools
make check        # every tool answers before touching data
make qc           # quality control of the full VCF
make bub1b        # targeted extraction of the locus
make bub1b-phase  # phase review of the candidates

# Functional annotation, offline against a local cache
vep --cache --offline --dir_cache /vep_data \
    --species homo_sapiens --assembly GRCh38 \
    --symbol --canonical --mane --sift b --polyphen b \
    --af --af_gnomade --af_gnomadg --max_af --clin_sig

# Last step: audit before the repository goes public
bash scripts/prepublish_audit.sh
Privacy by design

Public methods, controlled inputs

Local

Runs on our machine

The whole analysis ran locally in a reproducible container. --offline guarantees no patient coordinate leaves the machine to be resolved by an external service.

Public

Method, not data

The public repository holds the Dockerfile, scripts, pipeline and documentation, and no patient genomic data: no raw VCFs, genotype-level tables or downloaded references.

Audited

A script, not a checklist

An audit script runs before the repository is made public. Checking by hand is not a control; a script that fails is.

Traceability and credits

Inputs. The reanalysis inputs are public processed sources, cited with each table above. The small causal finding (the BUB1B L737*/N1002K pair) and the permitted phenotype summary come from the gated challenge dataset through Track 1, so the project is not presented as a discovery independent of the case. In the words of the revised report:

Track 2 computations use public references and the participant-provided small causal finding. The causal finding originates from the gated challenge dataset through Track 1, so this is not described as an entirely case-independent public-data discovery. No commercial proprietary drug database or additional private patient-scale dataset was used here.

Use of AI. The declaration of the revised report, unchanged:

OpenAI ChatGPT Work/Codex supported literature discovery, code execution, evidence synthesis and English drafting; the participant reports the ChatGPT plan as “Premium” (name as reported, not relabeled Pro or Business). Anthropic Claude Max was used to generate the web laboratory. On October 24, 2026, the participant confirmed that use of conversations to improve the models was disabled in both ChatGPT and Claude during the project. These plan and setting statements are participant attestations, not an independent account audit; they do not establish zero retention.

The participant also stated that no patient data were shared with AI services. The source methods nevertheless document the challenge-derived small variant pair and permitted phenotype summary, so this statement is not treated as evidence that no case-derived information entered the workflow. The source Track 2 report states that its workspace did not upload or read patient-scale genomic files; no broader claim about earlier local Track 1 analysis or all account activity is inferred. Exact historical model identifiers and the scope of earlier Claude analysis assistance remain unverified.

Source: revised report, section 9 and Appendix A , commit bc39224.

Acknowledgement

This work was made possible through the Hackathon, organized by Sage Bionetworks in partnership with the MVA Society, Hugging Face, and BEACON (The Benchmarking, Evaluation, and Assessment Consortium for Science), with prize sponsorship from AWS and Anthropic. We are deeply grateful to the child and their family who generously contributed their data and their story to advance research into this rare disease. We acknowledge their trust in making this Hackathon possible.

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Prewritten answers · Evidence linked

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